Power Management HAT (B)

RPI, USB, UART, GPIO

Overview

Introduction

Power Management HAT(B) is a Raspberry Pi power management control board, which can provide a set of extremely powerful power management for Raspberry Pi, such as timing switches, measuring working voltage and current, etc. The load transient response function enables fast switching among multiple power supplies.

Feature

Onboard MCU (RP2040), powerful and easy to use.
Onboard PCF8523 RTC chip, provides precise RTC information.
Onboard MP28167-A buck-boost DC chip for fast load transient response.
Protection circuits such as power supply anti-reverse, counter-current proof, etc. ensure stable and safe operation.
Standard Raspberry Pi 40PIN GPIO extension header, supports Raspberry Pi series boards.
Onboard user-defined button, can be used for Raspberry Pi start-up, safe shutdown, or other customized functions.
It can detect the input power supply voltage and the working current, and it can be programmed to cut off the power supply immediately to ensure the working life of the lithium battery.
Voltage/current monitoring circuit, monitors the Raspberry Pi operating voltage and current in real-time.

Parameters

Main chip: RP2040
Communication interface: UART + GPIO
Download interface: USB + SWD (debug)
Baud rate: default 115200bps (configurable)
Power supply: USB/PH2.0 connector
USB port voltage: 5V
PH2.0 connector voltage: 3.3-4.2V (3.7V Li battery (NOT included))
Built-in circuits: battery anti-reverse, counter-current proof, voltage/current monitoring
Dimensions: 56.5mm x 65mm
Fixed hole diameter: 3.0mm

Hardware Connection

RP2040 GPIO	Description
GPIO0	UART0_TX pin, connect to Raspberry Pi D15 pin
GPIO1	UART0_RX pin, connect to Raspberry Pi D14 pin
GPIO6	I2C1_SDA pin, connect to II2 SDA pin
GPIO7	I2C1_SCL pin, connect to II2 SCL pin
GPIO19	User key pin, generally for controlling the power switch
GPIO21	RTC interrupt pin, RTC chip will be pulled down when the RTC clock is triggered
GPIO22	Raspberry Pi soft shutdown pin, connect to Raspberry Pi D20 pin
GPIO23	Raspberry Pi run pin, connect to Raspberry Pi D21 pin
GPIO24	Power control pin, power off when it is pulled low, otherwise, the power is on
GPIO25	Status LED pin, used to display the current operating status
GPIO29	Input voltage acquisition hardware, the voltage here is about 1/10 of the input voltage

User Guide

Precautions

SAFETY CAUTIONS

Li-ion and Li-po batteries are quite unstable. They may cause fire, personal injury, or property damage if they're not properly recharged or used.
Do not reversely connect the polarities when recharging or discharging the battery. Do not use an inferior charger/charging panel to recharge the battery.
Do not mix use old batteries with new ones, avoid using batteries of different brands.
When buying a Lithium battery, should always make sure the battery specification is compatible with the expansion board. *Choose batteries from the formal manufacturer, and ensure the batteries will work stably and safely by aging test.
Lithium batteries have a limited cycle life, they will also deteriorate as time goes by. Should be replaced with new ones when the batteries reach their max cycle life or work over two years, whichever comes first.
Should be placed carefully and properly, keep it away from inflammable and explosive articles, away from children, and avoid any safety accident caused by careless storage.

Working Principle & Demo

GPIO Protocol (Configurable Protocol)

Based on software compilation, this protocol requires RP2040 and Raspberry Pi to run the demo.
As the GPIO headers of RP2040 and Raspberry Pi are connected, the running state of Raspberry Pi can be detected and its shutdown can be prompted.

RP2040 GPIO	RPI GPIO	Description
GPIO22	D20	Raspberry Pi soft shutdown pin, pulled low by default by RP2040, pulled high when prompted for Raspberry Pi software shutdown. The Raspberry Pi should detect that the pin is pulled high and then execute the shutdown procedure.
GPIO23	D21	Raspberry Pi run pins, pulled high by default by the Raspberry Pi after powering on. The RP2040 can detect whether the Raspberry Pi is powered on or not through this pin.

Working With Raspberry Pi

Configure Pico Compile Environment

Download the installation script.

cd ~
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raspberrypi/pico-setup/master/pico_setup.sh

Give run permission and run:
```
chmod +x pico_setup.sh
./pico_setup.sh
```
Restart the Raspberry Pi:
```
sudo reboot
```

Openocd

Power Management HAT (B) has connected SWD (debug) to the Raspberry Pi interface, you can directly use the debug interface to download programs or debug.

Download the library source code required for OpenOCD.

cd ~/pico
sudo apt install automake autoconf build-essential texinfo libtool libftdi-dev libusb-1.0-0-
dev

Download the OpenOCD source code.

git clone https://github.com/raspberrypi/openocd.git --recursive --branch rp2040 --depth=1

Compile and install:

cd openocd
./bootstrap
./configure --enable-ftdi --enable-sysfsgpio --enable-bcm2835gpio
make -j3
sudo make install

Soft Shutdown Script

Power Management HAT (B) requires a script to enable soft shutdown and run detection of the Raspberry Pi.
Download the script and run it.

wget https://files.waveshare.com/upload/4/44/Power-Management-HAT.zip
unzip Power-Management-HAT.zip
cd Power-Management-HAT
sudo chmod a+x Power-Management-HAT-Setup.sh
sudo ./Power-Management-HAT-Setup.sh

The result is shown below, when prompted "Would you like to reboot now? y/n", enter "y" to reboot the Raspberry Pi.
You must reboot the Raspberry Pi for this operation to be effective, if the Raspberry Pi is not rebooted, you must manually reboot the Raspberry Pi to take effect.

Note: You should check whether there is an error reported after the execution of the above operation, there is an error reported according to the prompts to correct before continuing.

Demo Usage

Get the Demo

cd ~
wget https://files.waveshare.com/upload/2/27/Power-example.7z
7z x ./Power-example.7z

Compile the Demo

The default demo is for periodic power-on.

cd ~/Power-example/build/
export PICO_SDK_PATH=/home/pi/pico/pico-sdk
cmake ..
make -j

Program the Demo

Note: Program the demo will cause the RP2040 to reset and the power supply to be interrupted.
Therefore, you should use the Raspberry Pi's power port for power supply instead of the Power Management HAT(B) when programming.

Program via SWD Interface

We already connect the SWD interface of the RP2040 to the Raspberry Pi, and you can directly operate it through Openocd.

openocd -f interface/raspberrypi-swd.cfg -f target/rp2040.cfg -c "program ./Power_Management_HAT.elf verify reset exit"

Program via USB

The Raspberry Pi Foundation has cured the UF2 bootloader within the RP2040 by following a few steps:

Connect the USB connector of the Raspberry Pi and the USB connector of the board.
Press the Reset key and the BOOT key.
Release the Reset key first and then the BOOT key.
Drag and drop the corresponding files into the pop-up mass storage.

You can refer to the following diagram (the diagram is the official Raspberry Pi GIF for the Hello World demo).

UART Listening

Enable UART Function

Execute the following commands to configure the Raspberry Pi.

sudo raspi-config

Enable the UART function:

1. Choose Interfacing Options and Enter:

2. Select Serial Port:

3. Select close the serial port debug function.

4. Choose to enable the serial port hardware.

5. System prompts as follows:

Minicom

Minicom is a common command-line serial debugging tool for Linux.
Its function is similar to that of HyperTerminal under Windows, and it can control external hardware devices via a serial port, which is usually used for managing embedded devices.

1. Install and run minicom:

sudo apt-get install minicom -y
sudo minicom -D /dev/ttyS0

2. Now you can see the running information returned by the demo timer (here the demo is a timer switch demo).

Demo Description

To switch between demos, you need to turn on the corresponding initialization and loop functions in the main function, and block the functions of the remaining demos.
In the following figure, Period_Time demo is enabled.

Common Rules/Functions

Status Indicator

The status indicators all follow the rules below:

In the shutdown state or power off state, the status indicator flashes at a frequency of about 0.83HZ (slow flashing).
Boot-up state or power-on state, the status indicator about 2.5HZ frequency flashing (fast flashing).
Waiting for the power on or waiting for the power off, the status indicator is always on.

Judging by Current

Judging by Current

This function can judge the device on and off in real-time and turn off the power to save energy.
This feature is disabled by default (can be turned on via ". /examples/examples.h/USE_CURRENT_TO_CHECK_PI_STATUS").
By determining whether the current value is less than the shutdown current if it is, the device is considered to be shut down, and the power is turned off (shutdown current setting . /examples/examples.h/Shutdown_Current_Ma, you need to adjust it according to your own device, otherwise the function will not work or the device will not be powered on).

Power on and off

Power on

Power on via RTC or the key.
Turn on the power, and determine whether the power has been turned on through GPIO, the default maximum wait time for power on is 90 seconds, more than the maximum value is considered to have been turned on (the maximum wait time is set by lib/Power_Management_Lib/Power_Management_Lib.c/Power_Wait_Time_S).

Soft shutdown

Soft shutdown triggered by key press.
The default maximum wait time for power off is 60 seconds, if the maximum wait value is exceeded, the power will be forced to shut down (the maximum wait time is set by lib/Power_Management_Lib/Power_Management_Lib.c/Wait_Boot_). Time_S).

Forced shutdown process

Shutdown triggered by RTC, long key press, and current.
Forced power off and device shutdown.

Button_Ctr Demo

Implement function: Use the PWR button to power on/off.

When the Raspberry Pi is turned off.
- When the PWR button is pressed, it turns on.
When the Raspberry Pi is powered on.
- Default long press PWR button more than 2S but less than 8S, try to soft shut down the Raspberry Pi.
- Default long press PWR button more than 8S then try to power off directly.

Period_Time Demo

Timed power on/off:

Power on when the time reaches the specified time Power_On_Time (default is 9:00:30).
Shut down when the time reaches the specified time Power_Off_Time (default is 10:00:00).

Cycle_Time Demo

Cycle power on/off

Power_On_Keep_Time (default is 1800S).
Power_Off_Keep_Time (default is 3600S).

Resources

Document

Schematic diagram

Demo

Demo

Datasheet

FAQ

Question:What is the maximum output current?

Answer:

The theoretical maximum output current is 3A, the actual maximum output current is limited by the power supply, such as using a 3.7V lithium battery (when fully charged), the maximum output current can reach 2A.

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Question:Power Management HAT with Raspberry Pi, how long can the battery last?

Answer:

It is related to the power supply and output current. If the matching 3000mah3.7V lithium battery is used, the output current will remain at 1A, and it can be used for about 2 hours (depending on the temperature and battery status).

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